Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides
adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This system inspires the …

The AID/APOBEC polynucleotide cytidine deaminases have historically been classified as
either DNA mutators or RNA editors based on their first identified nucleic acid substrate …

The APOBEC3 family of cytosine deaminases has been implicated in some of the most
prevalent mutational signatures in cancer,–. However, a causal link between endogenous …

The elucidation of protein function and its exploitation in bioengineering have greatly
advanced the life sciences. Protein mining efforts generally rely on amino acid sequences …

RNA-guided programmable nucleases from CRISPR systems generate precise breaks in
DNA or RNA at specified positions. In cells, this activity can lead to changes in DNA …

Directed evolution has revolutionized biomolecular engineering by applying cycles of
mutation, amplification and selection to genes of interest (GOIs). However, classical directed …

Cytosine and adenine base editors (CBEs and ABEs) are promising new tools for achieving
the precise genetic changes required for disease treatment and trait improvement. However …

CRISPR–Cas base-editor technology enables targeted nucleotide alterations, and is being
increasingly used for research and potential therapeutic applications,. The most widely used …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable targeted C• G-to-T• A conversions in genomic DNA.
Recent studies report that BE3, the original CBE, induces a low frequency of genome-wide …

Genome editing holds promise for correcting pathogenic mutations. However, it is difficult to
determine off-target effects of editing due to single-nucleotide polymorphism in individuals …