Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely accepted as having a heterogenous
pathophysiology involving a complex mixture of systemic and CNS processes. A …

Depression is a mood disorder that may increase risk for the development of insulin
resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and vice versa. However, the mechanistic …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) imposes profound physical, psychological, and
socioeconomic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society as a whole, but …

Excessive substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, serious and
relapsing medical conditions. They frequently co-occur with other diseases that are leading …

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tend to cluster together in daily life, and
most studies focus on the level of depression at certain points, but the dynamic process of …

Background Few studies have focused on the associations of adolescent substance use and
depressive symptoms with adult major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Data from …

Depression affects several aspects of life, including socioeconomic status, relationships,
behavior, emotions, and overall health. The etiology of depression is complex and …

Introduction Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting
women globally within the first year following childbirth. Substance use during pregnancy …

Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder in vulnerable
individuals. Numerous models have been developed to probe the underlying …

Despite extensive research in recent decades, knowledge of the pathophysiology of
depression in neural circuits remains limited. Recently, the lateral habenula (LHb) has been …