Despite novel targeted and immunotherapies, the prognosis remains bleak for patients with
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially for advanced and/or metastatic forms. The rapid …

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially isolated as a critical protein in energy
metabolism. However, subsequent studies indicate that GSK-3 is a multi-tasking kinase that …

Many tissues harbor quiescent stem cells that are activated upon injury, subsequently
proliferating and differentiating to repair tissue damage. Mechanisms by which stem cells …

Mitophagy, a mitochondria-specific form of autophagy, removes dysfunctional mitochondria
and is hence an essential process contributing to mitochondrial quality control. PTEN …

Background Plenty of macrophages are recruited to the injured nerve to play key roles in the
immunoreaction and engulf the debris of degenerated axons and myelin during Wallerian …

In contrast to pain processing neurons in the spinal cord, where the importance of chloride
conductances is already well established, chloride homeostasis in primary afferent neurons …

Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their
function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are …

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose‐limiting toxicity
that affects 30%–40% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Although multiple …

Accumulating evidence has established a firm role for synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis
of neuropathic pain. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of dendritic spine …

There is a fundamental need for clinically relevant, reproducible, and standardized in vitro
human neural tissue models, not least of all to study heterogenic and complex human …