Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a large spectrum
of congenital malformations ranging from severe manifestations, such as renal agenesis, to …

Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (CALUT) are a family of birth defects of the
ureter, the bladder, and the urethra. CALUT includes ureteral anomaliesc such as congenital …

Most nations are predominately preoccupied with the need to increase economic growth
amidst pressure for increased energy consumption. However, higher energy consumption …

Congenital obstructive uropathy, a major cause of chronic kidney disease, is defined as
kidney, ureter, and/or bladder injury associated with obstruction of the urinary tract …

Abstract Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) is a developmental
disorder of the kidney and/or genito‐urinary tract that results in end stage kidney disease …

Widespread use of fetal ultrasonography is accompanied by more frequent detection of
antenatal hydronephrosis. Therefore, sonographic evaluation of neonates with a history of …

Objectives: Identify posterior urethral valves promptly based on clinical presentations.
Implement timely and appropriate management strategies for posterior urethral valves …

Background The incidence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) is estimated at 1: 5000–1: 8000
males. It is the most common paediatric urologic urgency and the most common cause of …

Biomarkers hold the promise of significantly improving health care by enabling prognosis
and diagnosis with improved accuracy, and at earlier points in time. Previous results have …

Primary non-refluxing megaureter (PMU) is a congenital dilation of the ureter which is not
related to vesicoureteral reflux, duplicated collecting systems, ureterocele, ectopic ureter, or …