I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex disease consisting of several disease variants
with different underlying pathophysiologies. Limited knowledge of the mechanisms of these …

Rhinitis is an umbrella term that encompasses many different subtypes, several of which still
elude complete characterization. The concept of phenotyping, being the definition of disease …

Importance Chronic sinusitis is a common inflammatory condition defined by persistent
symptomatic inflammation of the sinonasal cavities lasting longer than 3 months. It accounts …

Endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard procedure for surgery of most
paranasal sinus diseases. Appropriate frame conditions provided, the respective procedures …

Background Topical therapies have become an integral component in the management plan
for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Several topical therapy strategies have been evaluated, but …

Background Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a subset of polypoid chronic
rhinosinusitis that is characterized by the presence of eosinophilic mucin with fungal hyphae …

Background Topical corticosteroid is used as part of a comprehensive medical treatment for
chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without polyps. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to …

Background Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of intranasal
corticosteroid (INCS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) use either nasal delivery (nasal drop or …