Although the gender gap in math course-taking and performance has narrowed in recent
decades, females continue to be underrepresented in math-intensive fields of Science …

Suspension of face-to-face instruction in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to
concerns about consequences for student learning. So far, data to study this question have …

That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established.
Nevertheless, research on the fetal origins hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to …

Boys born to disadvantaged families have higher rates of disciplinary problems, lower
achievement scores, and fewer high school completions than girls from comparable …

We estimate male-female test score gaps in math and English language arts (ELA) for nearly
10,000 US school districts using state accountability data from third-through eighth-grade …

This paper explores the importance of the home and school environments in explaining the
gender gap in disruptive behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across …

Past research documents the persistence of positive impacts of early life interventions on
noncognitive skills. We test the symmetry of this finding by studying the persistence of a …

This paper provides new estimates of the medium-and long-term impacts of Head Start on
health and behavioral problems. We identify these impacts using discontinuities in the …

This paper studies the role of family background in explaining differences in the willingness
to compete in a cognitive task. By combining data from a lab experiment conducted with a …

The impact of social economic status (SES) on children's academic outcomes has been well
documented. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly …