Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

The incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between men and women, in
part because of differences in risk factors and hormones. 1 The incidence of atherosclerotic …

Nuclear receptors are classically defined as ligand-activated transcription factors that
regulate key functions in reproduction, development, and physiology. Humans have 48 …

Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in the differentiation, growth, metabolism, and
physiological function of virtually all tissues. TH binds to receptors that are ligand …

Our appreciation of the physiological functions of estrogens and the mechanisms through
which estrogens bring about these functions has changed during the past decade. Just as …

The nuclear receptor superfamily is comprised of over 150 different proteins that have
evolved to mediate a complex array of extracellular signals into transcriptional responses …

The nuclear hormone receptor superfamily includes receptors for thyroid and steroid
hormones, retinoids and vitamin D, as well as different “orphan” receptors of unknown …

Nuclear receptors (NR) comprise a family of transcription factors that regulate gene
expression in a liganddependent manner. Members of the NR superfamily include receptors …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a key role in the transcriptional
control of genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) enzymes. In this study …

Estrogen plays an essential physiologic role in reproduction and a pathologic one in breast
cancer. The completion of the human genome has allowed the identification of the …