Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates
of memory–the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the …

Stroke induces a plastic state in the brain. This period of enhanced plasticity leads to the
sprouting of new axons, the formation of new synapses and the remapping of sensory-motor …

Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique
morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry …

Emotions are temporally dynamic, but the persistence of emotions outside of their
appropriate temporal context is detrimental to health and well-being. Yet, precisely how …

The rodent infralimbic cortex (IL) is implicated in higher order executive functions such as
reward seeking and flexible decision making. However, the precise nature of its role in these …

Little is understood about how engrams, sparse groups of neurons that store memories, are
formed endogenously. Here, we combined calcium imaging, activity tagging, and …

Biological plasticity is ubiquitous. How does the brain navigate this complex plasticity space,
where any component can seemingly change, in adapting to an ever-changing …

Memories are thought to be stored in ensembles of neurons across multiple brain regions.
However, whether and how these ensembles are coordinated at the time of learning …

Memory is a constructive, not reproductive, process that is prone to errors. Errors in memory,
though, may originate from normally adaptive memory processes. At the extreme of memory …

Optogenetics utilizes photosensitive proteins to manipulate the localization and interaction
of molecules in living cells. Because light can be rapidly switched and conveniently confined …