Small airways disease (SAD) is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) first recognized in the nineteenth century. The diverse histopathological features …

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are members of the mitogen-
activated protein kinase super family that can mediate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The …

This review is an account of how pulmonary damage caused by cigarette smoke and other
environmental toxins can incite inflammatory and immunologic reactions that culminate in …

The small airways are defined as those less than 2 mm in diameter. They are a major site of
pathology in many lung diseases, not least chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (Gelatinase B, 92-kD type IV collagenase, EC 3.4. 24.35)
is an MMP that is present in low quantities in the healthy adult lung, but much more …

Study objectives Patients with COPD experience lower airway and systemic inflammation,
and an accelerated decline in FEV 1. There is no evidence on whether this inflammation …

Relationships between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial colonization, airway inflammation, or …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current
therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are …

The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier
preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs …

In order to develop efficient therapeutic regimes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been tested as a medication which can suppress …