One common explanation for mass incarceration is that it is the latest in a series of
institutions created to enforce the racial hierarchy in the United States. Despite this …

There is little understanding of how documented ethnic disparities in sentencing outcomes
in England and Wales come to be and, consequently, how to address them. We argue that …

Considers, using statistics from the Crown Court Sentencing Survey, the extent to which
gender disparities are evident in the sentences imposed for burglary, assault and drug …

Given the salience of the principle of equality before the law, there is growing interest in
understanding the relationship between immigration and sentencing disparities; however …

In recent years, there has been considerable policy and academic interest in the existence
of ethnic inequalities in the Criminal Justice System. A large body of sentencing research …

Most research in sentencing discrimination in the United Kingdom has relied on aggregate
analyses comparing disparities by ethnic group. These studies fail to consider differences in …

Sentencing studies have stressed the importance of looking beyond between-court
sentencing disparities by also observing within-court sources of variation. In the current …

Research on sentence consistency in England and Wales has focused on disparities
between courts, with differences between judges generally ignored. This is largely due to …

Si bien los jueces deben tomar sus decisiones con total imparcialidad, se ha comprobado
que a la hora de adoptarlas se ven influidos por cuestiones extralegales como son sus …

This study investigates sentencing disparity under the sentencing guidelines in China.
Drawing upon the firsthand data of 509 criminal cases from a county-level court in 2015, our …