Artificial intelligence (AI), also known as machine intelligence, is a branch of science that
empowers machines using human intelligence. AI refers to the technology of rendering …

Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR) or Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a
significant disease that causes blindness and vision loss among millions of people …

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common condition characterized by serous
detachment of the neurosensory retina at the posterior pole. We built a deep learning system …

Importance There is a burgeoning interest in the use of deep neural network in diabetic
retinal screening. Background To determine whether a deep neural network could …

The identification of retinal lesions plays a vital role in accurately classifying and grading
retinopathy. Many researchers have presented studies on optical coherence tomography …

Aims To investigate the efficacy of a bi-modality deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)
framework to categorise age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal …

Retinopathy represents a group of retinal diseases that, if not treated timely, can cause
severe visual impairments or even blindness. Many researchers have developed …

The human eye is responsible for the visual reorganization of objects in the environment.
The eye is divided into different layers and front/back areas; however, the most important …

The recent development in the technology has increased the complexity of image contents
and demand for image classification becomes more imperative. Digital images play a vital …

Purpose The aim of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium was to develop a
spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT)‐based classification for macular …