The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are noncytopathic, hepatotropic
members of the hepadnavirus (HBV) and ffavivirus (HCV) families that cause acute and …

Publisher Summary Although most living biological systems have developed intricate
mechanisms to keep the genetic information stable, many viruses, including hepatitis B virus …

This valuable book thoroughly examines adaptive evolution at the DNA level while taking a
comprehensive look at the research being done in the area. It presents useful cases where …

Molecular virology methods including polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing
have revolutionised our understanding of viral genome variation. In the case of hepatitis B …

Mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome have so far been investigated in cross-
sectional or short-term longitudinal studies. Information about long-term changes is lacking …

1. Background Implementation of the WHO guidelines for vaccination is universally
recognised as one of the most efficient ways of preventing hepatitis B on a global scale. The …

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI), defined as the presence of HBV DNA without
detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), is frequent in west Africa, where genotype E is …

The aim of the study was to investigate longitudinally hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell
reactivity and viral behavior versus treatment response in tolerant children during combined …

Viral mutations acquired during the course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are
known to be associated with the progression and severity of HBV-related liver disease. This …

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped, hepatotrophic, oncogenic hepadnavirus that is
noncytopathic for hepatocytes. HBV infection results in a variety of outcomes that are …