Histologic grading has been a simple and inexpensive method to assess tumor behavior
and prognosis of invasive breast cancer grading, thereby identifying patients at risk for …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable survival outcomes. Pathologists
grade the microscopic appearance of breast tissue using the Nottingham criteria, which are …

Black women in the US have significantly higher breast cancer mortality than White women.
Within biomarker-defined tumor subtypes, disparate outcomes seem to be limited to women …

Background After controlling for baseline disease factors, researchers have found that black
women have worse breast cancer survival, and this suggests that treatment differences may …

Abstract The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, eighth edition published in late 2016, will
become the new global guideline for cancer diagnosis and treatment from January 1, 2018 …

Purpose Although surgical resection is the main modality of treatment for breast cancer,
some patients elect to refuse the recommended surgery. We assessed racial and ethnic …

Breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer amongst women worldwide and is the
fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality overall. It is also the foremost reason for …

Purpose Racial disparities in outcomes of breast cancer in the United States have widened
over more than 3 decades, driven by complex biologic and social factors. In this review, we …

The breast epithelium, vital for mammary gland function, is influenced by oestrogen through
the oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling pathway. Luminal breast cancer (BC), characterised …

Background Guidelines recommend the use of genomic assays such as OncotypeDx to aid
in decisions regarding the use of chemotherapy for hormone receptor–positive, HER2 …