Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programmes that promote
cancer onset and progression. Although defective gene regulation often affects oncogenic …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy for
patients with B cell malignancies and is now being developed for solid tumors and chronic …

Although T lymphocytes have long been appreciated for their role in the immunosurveillance
of cancer, it has been the realization that cancer cells may ultimately escape a response …

Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in
cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence …

An improved understanding of the anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response after checkpoint
blockade would enable more informed and effective therapeutic strategies. Here we …

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a
specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory …

In cancer, T cells become dysfunctional owing to persistent antigen exposure. Dysfunctional
T cells are characterized by reduced proliferative capacity, decreased effector function, and …

The upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein
1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …