Human coronaviruses cause a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild common colds
to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Three highly pathogenic human …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiological agent of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by the …

Summary COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a virulent pneumonia, with> 4,000,000
confirmed cases worldwide and> 290,000 deaths as of May 15, 2020. It is critical that …

A key goal to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is developing an effective
vaccine. Development of a vaccine requires knowledge of what constitutes a protective …

In general, people with diabetes are at higher risk to develop complications when they are
infected with a virus. Type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes, is associated with …

Type 1 IFNs (IFN-I) generally protect mammalian hosts from virus infections, but in some
cases, IFN-I is pathogenic. Because IFN-I is protective, it is commonly used to treat virus …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (CoV) that causes COVID-19, has recently
emerged causing an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia around the world. While distinct …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have formerly been regarded as relatively harmless respiratory
pathogens to humans. However, two outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection, caused …

The COVID-19 pandemic is progressing worldwide with an alarming death toll. There is an
urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat potentially fatal complications …

Pathogenic coronaviruses are a major threat to global public health, as exemplified by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory …