Background: Studies investigating the impact of a variety of inflammatory stimuli on the brain
and behavior have reported evidence that inflammation and release of inflammatory …

Sleep disturbances including insomnia independently contribute to risk of inflammatory
disorders and major depressive disorder. This review and overview provides an integrated …

Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of
depression in both medically ill and medically healthy individuals. Cytokines are important …

Over the past three decades, an intricate interaction between immune activation, release of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in brain circuits related to mood and behavior has …

There is now strong evidence from animal studies that gut microorganism can activate the
vagus nerve and that such activation plays a critical role in mediating effects on the brain …

Women and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric
disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) …

Motivational and motor deficits are common in patients with depression and other psychiatric
disorders, and are related to symptoms of anhedonia and motor retardation. These deficits in …

Background: The human gut microbiome comprise a huge number of microorganisms with
co-evolutionary associations with humans. It has been repeatedly revealed that bidirectional …

The potential contribution of chronic inflammation to the development of neuropsychiatric
disorders such as major depression has received increasing attention. Elevated biomarkers …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …