The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

Methionine uptake and metabolism is involved in a host of cellular functions including
methylation reactions, redox maintenance, polyamine synthesis and coupling to folate …

Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic
processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine …

Abstract Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is a nutrient essential to human health. Due to its
complex structure and dual cofactor forms, Cbl undergoes a complicated series of …

The substrates used to modify nucleic acids and chromatin are affected by nutrient
availability and the activity of metabolic pathways. Thus, cellular metabolism constitutes a …

Serine/glycine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism are crucial in sustaining cancer cell
survival and rapid proliferation, and of high clinical relevance. Excessive activation of …

One-carbon (1C) metabolism comprises a series of interlinking metabolic pathways that
include the methionine and folate cycles that are central to cellular function, providing 1C …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the
metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for …

The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and the
alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for the maintenance of metabolic …