Background Neuraminidase inhibitors were widely used during the 2009–10 influenza A
H1N1 pandemic, but evidence for their effectiveness in reducing mortality is uncertain. We …

Since the resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.
4.4 b, during 2021, these viruses have spread widely among birds worldwide, causing …

Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have caused widespread
infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We …

Estimating the case-fatality risk (CFR)—the probability that a person dies from an infection
given that they are a case—is a high priority in epidemiologic investigation of newly …

Background and objectives Severe infection with avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in humans
was identified first in 2014 in China. Before that, it was unknown or unclear if the disease or …

Influenza is a major cause of severe respiratory infections leading to excessive
hospitalizations and deaths globally; annual epidemics, pandemics, and sporadic/endemic …

Summary Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses have caused many, typically severe, human
infections since the first human case was reported in 1997. However, no comprehensive …

Background Whether combined treatment with recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir–
ritonavir reduces mortality among patients hospitalized with Middle East respiratory …

Observational data suggest that the treatment of influenza infection with neuraminidase
inhibitors decreases progression to more severe illness, especially when treatment is started …

ABSTRACT A novel avian-origin influenza A/H7N9 virus emerged in 2013 to cause more
than 130 cases of zoonotic human disease, with an overall case fatality rate of around 30 …