Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis as they discriminate
between innocuous antigens and potential pathogens to maintain oral tolerance. However …

Innate immunity is maintained in part by antigen presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic
cells, macrophages, and B cells. APCs interact with T cells to link innate and adaptive …

Macrophages are increasingly recognized as essential players in the maintenance of
intestinal homeostasis and as key sentinels of the intestinal immune system. However …

Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal
integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF …

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop therapeutic strategies for …

The intestine contains the largest pool of macrophages in the body which are essential for
maintaining mucosal homeostasis in the face of the microbiota and the constant need for …

Studies that bridge innate immunity and various diseases are making rapid advances.
Macrophages and dendritic cells play a leading role in innate immunity, using pattern …

Interleukin (IL)-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties besides
TGF-β and IL-35. It is produced by activated immune cells, in particular monocytes …

The ability to sense and adjust to the environment is crucial to life. For multicellular
organisms, the ability to respond to external changes is essential not only for survival but …

Inflammation is a multicomponent response to tissue stress, injury and infection, and a
crucial point of its control is at the level of gene transcription. The inducible inflammatory …