Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

Brain cancer remains the deadliest cancer. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is impenetrable to
most drugs and is a complex 3D network of multiple cell types including endothelial cells …

Spheroid culture provides cells with a three‐dimensional environment that can better mimic
physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the …

Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its translation to the
clinic has been hindered by the lack of cellular models to anticipate how tumor cells will …

Light sheet microscopes reduce phototoxicity and background and improve imaging speed
compared to widefield and confocal microscopes. However, when equipped with Gaussian …

Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation have gained
significant attention in therapeutic development. Spectroscopic techniques such as …

Intracellular delivery of nano‐drug‐carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or
solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge …

Abstract 3D bioprinting–the fabrication of geometrically complex 3D structures from
biocompatible materials containing living cells using additive manufacturing technologies–is …

Biomedical research requires both in vitro and in vivo studies in order to explore disease
processes or drug interactions. Foundational investigations have been performed at the …