Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key
molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of …

Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk.
Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of …

oxygen species (such as superoxide anion) that inactivate NO to form peroxynitrite. 27, 28
Hyperglycemia may initiate this process by increasing superoxide anion production via the …

To test the hypothesis that obesity/insulin resistance impairs both endothelium-dependent
vasodilation and insulin-mediated augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, we …

Insulin resistance and other risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as hypertension and
hypercholesterolemia, promote endothelial dysfunction and lead to development of …

The 21-amino acid peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the predominant isoform of the endothelin
peptide family, which includes ET-2, ET-3, and ET-4. It exerts various biological effects …

Cardiovascular disease affects approximately 60% of the adult population over the age of 65
and represents the number one cause of death in the United States. Coronary …

Endothelial dysfunction comprises a number of functional alterations in the vascular
endothelium that are associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including …

In healthy individuals, the vascular endothelium regulates an intricate balance of factors that
maintain vascular homeostasis and normal arterial function. Functional disruption of the …