The use of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus led to major advances in
the field of transplantation, with excellent short-term outcome. However, the chronic …

The association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with ischemic stroke has long been recognized; yet,
the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this relationship are incompletely understood …

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with strong immunosuppressive potency.
Firstly marketed in the mid-1980s, CsA was widely used in transplantation and greatly …

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent that greatly reduces the
rates of kidney-, heart-, and liver-transplant rejection. However, CsA nephrotoxicity is a …

Gut microbiota and its metabolites play pivotal roles in host physiology and pathology. Short-
chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as a group of metabolites, exert positive regulatory effects on …

After more than 20 years of cyclosporine use its nephrotoxicity remains a significant clinical
problem. Cyclosporine-induced renal injury has been described in solid organs recipients …

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor that was isolated 20
years ago. First recognized as an inhibitor of intravascular fibrinolysis, it is now evident that …

Gingival overgrowth occurs mainly as a result of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or
antihypertensive drug therapies. Excess gingival tissues impede oral function and are …

Although several interventions slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy, current
therapies do not halt progression completely. Recent preclinical studies suggested that …

TGF-β is believed to play a central role in the development of Cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced
nephropathy. This study investigated the effects of 1D11, a murine pan-specific TGF-β …