Tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited macrophages are critical
players in innate immunity and maintenance of lung homeostasis. Until recently, assessing …

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of
malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of …

The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and inflammation and are thus a critical
component of innate immune defense. Understanding the behavior of neutrophils as they …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature
myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during …

Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic
effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view …

Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

COVID-19 is a contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that led to an ongoing
pandemic with massive global health and socioeconomic consequences. The disease is …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to increase tumor-specific T cell immunity.
However, suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME) may limit T …

Myeloid cells, comprised of macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and granulocytes,
represent a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critically …