The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a nature‐inspired metaheuristic optimization
algorithm, which was proposed by Mirjalili and Lewis in 2016. This algorithm has shown its …

Waste sorting is an effective means of enhancing resource or energy recovery from
municipal solid waste (MSW). Waste sorting management system is not limited to source …

Urbanization and population growth have resulted in a significant increase in the amount of
generated construction and demolition (C&D) waste worldwide. Improper C&D waste …

The excessive expansion of cities and the consequent increase in urban population,
especially in recent years, have led to a significant increase in consumptions and …

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is known as one of the most crucial activities in
municipalities that requires large amounts of fixed/variable and investment costs. The …

Open-shop scheduling problem (OSSP) is a well-known topic with vast industrial
applications which belongs to one of the most important issues in the field of engineering …

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) enables agents to make decisions based on a well-
designed reward function that suites a particular environment without any prior knowledge …

In vehicle routing problems (VRPs) the decisions to be taken concern the assignment of
customers to vehicles and the sequencing of the customers assigned to each vehicle …

This paper studies a multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows specifically related
to urban waste collection. Urban waste collection is one of the municipal activities with large …

Nowadays, urban solid waste management is one of the most crucial activities in
municipalities and their affiliated organizations. It includes the processes of collection …