Background: Spasticity is a common sequela of stroke. The incidence of poststroke spasticity
(PSS) has not been systematically reviewed in recent years, and some risk factors remain …

This paper revisits the taxonomy of the neurophysiological consequences of a persistent
impairment of motor command execution in the classic environment of sensorimotor …

Objective Spastic dystonia is one of the positive phenomena of the upper motor neuron
syndrome (UMNS). It is characterised by the inability to relax a muscle leading to a …

Brain injuries can interrupt descending neural pathways that convey motor commands from
the cortex to spinal motoneurons. Here, we demonstrate that a unilateral injury of the …

Dystonia, typically characterized by slow repetitive involuntary movements, stiff abnormal
postures, and hypertonia, is common among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Dystonia …

By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective
treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been …

Objective The present study evaluated ankle stiffness in adults with and without neurological
disorders and investigated the accuracy and reproducibility of a clinically applicable method …

Spastic movement disorder is characterized by reduced ability to selectively activate
muscles with significant co-activation of antagonist muscles. It has traditionally been thought …

This observational study aimed at investigating pain in stroke patients with upper limb
spastic dystonia. Forty-one consecutive patients were enrolled. A 0–10 numeric rating scale …

Background At the onset of stroke-induced hemiparesis, muscle tissue is normal and
motoneurones are not overactive. Muscle contracture and motoneuronal overactivity then …