Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Gene therapy is the product of man's quest to eliminate diseases. Gene therapy has three
facets namely, gene silencing using siRNA, shRNA and miRNA, gene replacement where …

A significant mortality rate is associated with oral cancer, particularly in cases of late-stage
diagnosis. Since the last decades, oral cancer survival rates have only gradually improved …

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern
therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the …

Gene therapy provides a promising strategy for curing monogenetic disorders and complex
diseases. However, there are challenges associated with the use of viral delivery vectors …

Exosomes derived from natural killer (NK) cells (NEO) constitute promising antineoplastic
nano‐biologics because of their versatile functions in immune regulation. However, a …

The development of carrier systems that are able to transport and release therapeutics to
target cells is an emergent strategy to treat cancer; however, they following endocytosis are …

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have achieved clinical success in delivering small interfering
RNAs (siRNAs) for targeted gene therapy. However, endosomal escape of siRNA into the …

The rapid rise in research and development following the discovery of photodynamic
therapy to establish novel photosensitizers and overcome the limitations of the technology …

Remarkable progress in phototherapy has been made in recent decades, due to its non-
invasiveness and instant therapeutic efficacy. In addition, with the rapid development of …