The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However,
auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

Understanding speech in noisy environments is often taken for granted; however, this task is
particularly challenging for people with cochlear hearing loss, even with hearing aids or …

In reverberant environments, acoustic reflections interfere with the direct sound arriving at a
listener's ears, distorting the binaural cues for sound localization. We investigated the effects …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) encode interaural time differences (ITDs) with
sustained firing rates of> 100 Hz. They are able to generate such high firing rates for several …

Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for localizing low-frequency (< 1.5 kHz)
sounds. Sensitivity to this cue first occurs in the medial superior olive (MSO), which is …

In an increasing number of countries, the standard treatment for deaf individuals is moving
toward the implantation of two cochlear implants. Today's device technology and fitting …

Birds and mammals exploit interaural time differences (ITDs) for sound localization.
Subsequent to ITD detection by brainstem neurons, ITD processing continues in parallel …

Interaural time differences (ITDs) are the major cue for localizing low-frequency sounds. The
activity of neuronal populations in the brainstem encodes ITDs with an exquisite temporal …

The neurophonic potential is a synchronized frequency-following extracellular field potential
that can be recorded in the nucleus laminaris (NL) in the brainstem of the barn owl. Putative …