The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Bone consists of separate inner endosteal and outer periosteal compartments, each with
distinct contributions to bone physiology and each maintaining separate pools of cells owing …

Vertebral bone is subject to a distinct set of disease processes from long bones, including a
much higher rate of solid tumour metastases,,–. The basis for this distinct biology of vertebral …

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is hallmarked by early onset of peritoneal
dissemination, which distinguishes it from low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC). Here …

Bone-derived exosomes are naturally existing nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by
various cells, such as bone marrow stromal cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes …

TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-BECN1 signaling axis plays a pivotal role in
autophagy induction through ubiquitination of BECN1, thereby inducing lung cancer …

Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) expression is increased in podocytes of patients with
diabetic nephropathy. However, the relevance of RANK to diabetic nephropathy …

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is involved in anabolic metabolism in
both osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but the role of mTORC1 in osteoclast biology in vivo …

The ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes ensure the stability and proper function of
most cellular proteins. Disturbance of either enzyme compromises tissue homeostasis. We …

The skeleton has been suggested to function as an endocrine organ controlling whole
organism energy balance, however the mediators of this effect and their molecular links …