Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health concern with significant impacts. It primarily
spreads through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles among drug users. Given …

Small ruminants are important components in the livelihood of millions of households in
many parts of the world. The spread of the highly contagious peste des petits ruminants …

The data addressing cytokine profile in chronically infected HCV patients are conflicting,
ranging from Th1 or Th2 cytokine prevalence to the expression of both types of cytokines …

Virus infections are involved in chronic inflammation and, in some cases, cancer
development. Although a viral infection activates the immune system's response that …

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), which causes an acute hemorrhagic and highly
contagious disease in cyprinids, was first described in Europe and subsequently reported in …

The interplay between a host and a pathogen occurs at multiple levels, ultimately leading to
the onset of an infection within the host. Pathogens, which encompass viruses, fungi …

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent infectious
diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, designing new …

ABSTRACT A wide range of pathophysiological changes are involved in the progression of
chronic liver disease (CLD). The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) …

Since the development and evolution of COVID-19 immunization, the use of mRNA-based
technologies has led to revolutionary changes due to the potential of RNA-based therapies …