Iron (Fe) is essential for life because of its role in protein cofactors. Photosynthesis, in
particular photosynthetic electron transport, has a very high demand for Fe cofactors. Fe is …

The photosynthetic electron transport chain consists of photosystem II, the cytochrome b6f
complex, photosystem I, and the free electron carriers plastoquinone and plastocyanin. Light …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol
oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during …

Initially discovered in the context of photosynthesis, regulation by change in the redox state
of thiol groups (S− S↔ 2SH) is now known to occur throughout biology. Several systems …

RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures,
resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) …

The plastid genome (plastome) has proved a valuable source of data for evaluating
evolutionary relationships among angiosperms. Through basic and applied approaches …

Abstract Plant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) is a mercaptan peroxidase localized in
chloroplasts and has unique catalytic properties. To explore the salt stress tolerance …

Heme is the prosthetic group for cytochromes, which are directly involved in
oxidation/reduction reactions inside and outside the cell. Many cytochromes contain heme …

Regulation of disulfide dithiol exchange has become increasingly important in our
knowledge of plant life. Initially discovered as regulators of light-dependent malate …

During the 70s and 80s two plant thioredoxin systems were identified. The chloroplastic
system is composed of a ferredoxin-dependent thioredoxin, with two thioredoxin types (m …