RNA viruses are known to replicate by low fidelity polymerases and have high mutation
rates whereby the resulting virus population tends to exist as a distribution of mutants. In this …

Highlights•No new influenza A antivirals have gained global approval for nearly two
decades.•Due to influenza A evolution more antiviral options are needed.•Promising anti …

Malnourishment, specifically overweight/obesity and undernourishment, affects more than
2.5 billion people worldwide, with the number affected ever-increasing. Concurrently …

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked an urgent need to uncover the underlying biology of
this devastating disease. Though RNA viruses mutate more rapidly than DNA viruses, there …

Genetic variation is a necessity of all biological systems. Viruses use all known mechanisms
of variation; mutation, several forms of recombination, and segment reassortment in the case …

Influenza D virus (IDV) is an emerging influenza virus that was isolated for the first time in
2011 in the USA from swine with respiratory illness. Since then, IDV has been detected …

Abstract mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus
infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict …

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide and its associated
disease COVID-19. In this review, we have analyzed SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those …

The rapidly evolving antigenic diversity of influenza A virus (IAV) genomes in swine makes it
imperative to detect emerging novel strains and track their circulation. We analyzed in our …

Dengue viral (DENV) infection results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from
asymptomatic, mild fever to severe hemorrhage diseases upon infection. Severe dengue is …