Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed between neurons that are
specialized for the conversion of electrical impulses into the exocytotic release of …

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ion channels that together with other ionotropic
glutamate receptors (iGluRs), the NMDA and kainate receptors, mediate a majority of …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced
calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to …

Voltage‐gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in
excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore …

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that
coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a …

Decades of experimental work have established an imbalance of excitation and inhibition as
the leading mechanism of the transition from normal brain function to seizure. In epilepsy …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels are key transducers of membrane potential
changes into intracellular Ca2+ transients that initiate many physiological events. There are …

▪ Abstract Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ entry into cells in response to
membrane depolarization. Electrophysiological studies reveal different Ca2+ currents …