Climate change has significantly impacted tropical ecosystems critical for sustaining local
economies and community livelihoods at global scales. Coastal ecosystems have largely …

Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse and economically important ecosystems
on the planet. The deposition of massive calcium carbonate skeletons (biomineralization or …

Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a
consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Insight into the response of reef corals and other major marine calcifiers to ocean
acidification is limited by a lack of knowledge about how seawater pH and carbonate …

Symbiotic dinoflagellate algae residing inside coral tissues supply the host with the majority
of their energy requirements through the translocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon …

It has long been recognized that a suite of proteins exists in coral skeletons that is critical for
the oriented precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals, yet these proteins remain poorly …

Global climate change threatens coral growth and reef ecosystem health via ocean warming
and ocean acidification (OA). Whereas the negative impacts of these stressors are …

Ocean acidification (OA), caused by anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, has been proposed as
one of the greatest threats in marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence shows that …

For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts
of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can …