This review focuses on recent advancements along two lines of criminological inquiry. The
first examines how schools unintentionally influence off-campus delinquency, especially …

Hundreds of thousands of high-school students skipped school during the 2011 student
movement in Chile to protest and reform educational institutions. Using administrative data …

Grade retention has been the focus of the education debate in Spain for decades. On
average, more than 30% of students have repeated at least one grade before they finish (or …

To what extent should young people be normatively held responsible for committing a
crime? To contribute to this ongoing debate, our study explores the influence of inequality of …

Across the world, numerous students are being bullied at school. Bullying is often caused by
a power imbalance between students. Therefore, identifying potential sources of such a …

There is a wide debate on the convenience of grade retention for students' future cognitive
development. Nevertheless, due to the endogenous characteristics of grade retention to …

We evaluate the effects of grade retention on students' academic, attendance, and
disciplinary outcomes in Indiana. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that third …

We evaluate the effects of grade retention on students' academic, attendance, and
disciplinary outcomes in Indiana. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that third …

Grade retention touches upon a tension field between the need for schools to promote
cohesion and the need to differentiate students based on their abilities. This tension field …

In this dissertation, I examine various factors shaping students' trajectories and opportunities
later in life. In Chapter 1, I explore the role of grade retention policies. Grade retention as a …