Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) emerged as the most suitable photodetectors for
both single-photon counting and photon-timing applications. Different complementary metal …

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
(CMOS) technology are potential candidates for future “Light Detection and Ranging”(Lidar) …

Optical biosensors such as photoplethysmography (PPG), pulse oximetry, and near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) are critical health monitoring tools, providing critical insights into …

This paper studies complex modulation schemes, including orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM), received by a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array integrated …

A three-dimensional (3D) image sensor based on Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD)
requires a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a wide dynamic range and fine resolution for …

Advances in solid-state technology have enabled the development of silicon photomultiplier
sensor arrays capable of sensing individual photons. Combined with high-frequency time-to …

SPADs (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes) are emerging as most suitable photodetectors for
both single-photon counting (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Lock-in 3D Ranging) …

Spectroscopy is widely used in various field, including in agriculture to determine the
contamination of soil in order to produce the good quality of food and to avoid the excessive …

Direct time-of-flight (D-ToF) image sensors based on Time-Correlated Single Photon
Counting (TCSPC) systems face two main challenges, ie, the limitation of spatial resolution …

Since the invention of the first photon counting sensors, several technological breakthroughs
have been made in the field of photon counting imaging systems, notably with the invention …