Methods: We performed an extensive literature search in Google Scholar and Pub Med
databases that were published between December 7, 1999 and January 9, 2018 in …

Worldwide, 80% of patients who undergo surgery receive opioid analgesics as the
fundamental agent for pain relief. However, the irrational use of opioids leads to excessive …

Adolescence is an important period of risk for substance use initiation and substance use–
related adverse outcomes. To examine youth substance use trends and patterns, CDC …

BACKGROUND: Despite efforts to reduce nonmedical opioid misuse, little is known about
the development of persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Background Prescription opioid misuse has become a leading cause of unintentional injury
and death among adolescents and young adults in the United States. However, there is …

Importance It is not yet known how many children and adolescents die each year from opioid
poisonings and how mortality rates have changed over time. Objective To examine national …

Importance Disparities by sex and racial/ethnic group in suicide death rates are present in
US adolescents. Whether disparities in suicide death extend to groups targeted for suicide …

Importance Retention in addiction treatment is associated with reduced mortality for
individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Although clinical trials support use of OUD …

Importance Opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently begins in adolescence and young
adulthood. Intervening early with pharmacotherapy is recommended by major professional …