The skin is frequently exposed to environmental challenges, such as UV irradiation, toxic
chemicals, and mechanical wounding. These insults cause an increase in the levels of …

Skin, which is a protective layer of the body, is in constant contact with physical and
chemical environmental factors. Exposure of the skin to highly adverse conditions often …

Hailey–Hailey disease is a rare blistering dermatosis first described in 1939 by the brothers
Howard and Hugh Hailey. Its incidence is estimated at 1/50,000. The inheritance is …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517
million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The development of cancer-specific
diagnostic agents and anticancer toxins would improve patient survival. The current and …

Introduction: In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disorder of heme
biosynthesis, accumulation of protoporphyrin IX results in acute phototoxicity. EPP patients …

The discovery of the endogenous melanocortin agonists in the 1950s have resulted in sixty
years of melanocortin ligand research. Early efforts involved truncations or select …

Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting disease characterized by the loss of functional
melanocytes and epidermal melanin. Vitiligo has a long treatment cycle and slow results …

Hailey–Hailey disease or familial benign chronic pemphigus is a rare blistering dermatosis
that is characterized by recurrent erythematous plaques with a predilection for the skin folds …

Drug‐induced photosensitivity occurs when a drug is capable of absorbing radiation from
the sun (usually ultraviolet A) leading to chemical reactions that cause cellular damage …