A clear majority of patients with chronic pain are women; however, it has been surprisingly
difficult to determine whether this sex bias corresponds to actual sex differences in pain …

Chronic pain is a classic example of gene× environment interaction: inflammatory and/or
nerve injuries are known or suspected to be the etiology of most chronic pain syndromes …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Background Numerous experimental studies, conducted primarily over the past 10 years,
show that there are sex differences in opioid analgesia. This review summarizes the …

Pain, which afflicts up to 20% of the population at any time, provides both a massive
therapeutic challenge and a route to understanding mechanisms in the nervous system …

Interindividual variability in pain sensitivity and the response to analgesic manipulations
remains a considerable clinical challenge as well as an area of intense scientific …

Behavioral differences between inbred strains of mice and rats have a genetic basis that can
now be dissected using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Over the last 10 years, a large …

The present study assessed the analgesic potency of morphine in 11 inbred mouse strains
before and after chronic morphine treatment. Using the 49° C tail-withdrawal test, significant …

Rationale The phenotype of genetically modified animals is thought to result from an
interaction of gene manipulation with the genetic background and environmental factors …

The antiepileptic drug, gabapentin, and another structurally related compound, pregabalin,
are increasingly employed in the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain states, although their …