In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

In the past few decades, biological drugs and small molecule inhibitors targeting
inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and intracellular kinases have become the standard …

Autoimmune diseases are the third most common disease influencing the quality of life of
many patients. Here, a programmed cell death‐ligand 1+(PD‐L1) mesenchymal stem cell …

The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the
knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support …

With only limited clinical patient benefit, focusing on new immune checkpoint pathways
could be an important complement to current immune checkpoint drugs. In addition, not only …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) make major contributions to immune homeostasis. Because Treg
dysfunction can lead to both allo-and autoimmunity, there is interest in correcting these …

Sintilimab (Tyvyt®) is a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-
1). It could block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands and help the anti-tumor effect …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is critical for regulatory T cell (Treg) function and homeostasis. At
low doses, IL-2 can suppress immune pathologies by expanding Tregs that constitutively …

The success of tumor immunotherapy highlights the potential of harnessing immune system
to fight cancer. Activating both native T cells and exhausted T cells is a critical step for …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the second-
highest mortality of all 36 cancers worldwide. The roles of fatty acid metabolism in CRC were …