Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, especially industry and transport, the fossil fuel
demand and consumption have increased proportionally, causing serious environmental …

Contents Summary 1703 I. Introduction 1703 II. Cellulose biosynthesis 1705 III. Xylan
biosynthesis 1709 IV. Glucomannan biosynthesis 1713 V. Lignin biosynthesis 1714 VI …

The chemical complexity of lignin remains a major challenge for lignin valorization into
commodity and fine chemicals. A knowledge of the lignin features that favor its valorization …

Secondary cell walls (SCWs) are produced by specialized plant cell types, and are
particularly important in those cells providing mechanical support or involved in water …

Covering: Up to 2019 Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the
oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of …

Redesigning lignin, the aromatic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, to be more amenable to
chemical depolymerization can lower the energy required for industrial processing. We have …

Highlights•Xylan is a major component of plant biomass.•Xylan is composed of a β-(1, 4)-
linked xylose backbone with various substitutions.•Recently, several new proteins have …

Cell wall matrices are complex composites mainly of polysaccharides, phenolics (monomers
and polymers), and protein. We are beginning to understand the synthesis of these major …

In the near future, grasses must provide most of the biomass for the production of renewable
fuels. However, grass cell walls are characterized by a large quantity of hydroxycinnamic …

Plants are built of various specialized cell types that differ in their cell wall composition and
structure. The cell walls of certain tissues (xylem, sclerenchyma) are characterized by the …