Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of
various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Impaired
function of motile cilia causes failure of mucociliary clearance. Patients typically present with …

Sperm motility is crucial to reproductive success in sexually reproducing organisms.
Impaired sperm movement causes male infertility, which is increasing globally. Sperm are …

The borders between cell and developmental biology, which have always been permeable,
have largely dissolved. One manifestation is the blossoming of cilia biology, with cell and …

The axoneme of motile cilia is the largest macromolecular machine of eukaryotic cells. In
humans, impaired axoneme function causes a range of ciliopathies. Axoneme assembly …

The centriole is an ancient microtubule-based organelle with a conserved nine-fold
symmetry. Centrioles form the core of centrosomes, which organize the interphase …

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains are massive molecular machines that traffic proteins
between cilia and the cell body. Each IFT train is a dynamic polymer of two large complexes …

In nervous systems, there are two main modes of transmission for the propagation of activity
between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical …

The cilium evolved to provide the ancestral eukaryote with the ability to move and sense its
environment. Acquiring these functions required the compartmentalization of a dynein …

Primary cilia are required for Smoothened to transduce vertebrate Hedgehog signals, but
how Smoothened accumulates in cilia and is activated is incompletely understood. Here, we …