Background In the past, upward shifts of the so-called Preston curve, which relates life
expectancy to national income, have contributed importantly to worldwide increases in life …

Human adult sex ratios have been studied extensively across the biological and social
sciences. While several studies have examined adult sex ratio effects in a multilevel …

Who and how many died in the 2020 Karabakh War? With limited evidence provided by
authorities, media outlets, and human rights organizations, still little is known about the …

The rise of life expectancy in Europe has been a very uneven process, both in time and
space. This paper aims to identify instances in which major political conditions are likely to …

It has been noted that national life expectancies have diverged in Europe in recent decades,
but it is unknown how these recent trends compare to longer term developments. Data on …

Human populations have always searched for ways to ward off disease and death, but it was
only after many thousands of years that they first became truly effective at reducing famines …

THIS chapter provides an overview of past and expected future trends in life expectancy in
populations with low levels of mortality. High and low mortality populations were separated …

Abstract Background The continent of Europe has experienced remarkable changes in the
past 25 years, providing scope for natural experiments that offer insight into the complex …

Sexratios at birth rose sharply in the South Caucasus countries after 1991, but recent data
indicate that this trend is turning. What caused this rise, and what can be done to accelerate …

There is a great deal of uncertainty over the levels of, and trends in, infant mortality in the
former Soviet republics of Central Asia. As a result, the impact of the break-up of the Soviet …