Most palm oil currently available in global markets is sourced from certified large-scale
plantations. Comparatively little is sourced from (typically uncertified) smallholders. We …

Background Agroforestry systems have enhanced diversity of cultivated plants compared to
monocultures, and are expected to affect associated biodiversity. Despite a growing body of …

Abstract In the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, large knowledge gaps
persist on how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated …

Aim Planted forests are becoming increasingly common world‐wide for a variety of reasons,
including water conservation and carbon sequestration, although the effects of tree …

The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural
communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we …

Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in
forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our …

Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly
dominate certain tropical regions. Oil palm monocultures have been criticized because of …

Conversion of structurally complex rainforests into simplified oil palm monocultures leads to
dramatic losses of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To alleviate negative ecological …

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research grew rapidly following concerns that
biodiversity loss would negatively affect ecosystem functions and the ecosystem services …

Oil palm is the most productive vegetable oil crop per unit area and is crucial to the economy
of developing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. However, it is also highly …