The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER
stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore …

The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein
homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated …

BACKGROUND Pathogens cause agricultural devastation and huge economic losses. Up to
30% of our crops are lost before or after harvest to pathogens and pests, wasting water and …

Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as
macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and …

A cell is delimited by numerous borders that define specific organelles. The walls of some
organelles are particularly robust, such as in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, but …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of
neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses …

The innate immune system recognizes microbial products using germline-encoded
receptors that initiate inflammatory responses to infection. The bacterial cell wall component …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only responsible for protein synthesis and folding but
also plays a critical role in sensing cellular stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis …

Initiating and maintaining optimal immune responses requires high levels of protein
synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking in leukocytes, which are processes …