The chinchilla animal model for noise-induced hearing loss has an extensive history
spanning more than 50 years. Many behavioral, anatomical, and physiological …

The auditory system is particularly vulnerable to blast injury due to the ear's role as a highly
sensitive pressure transducer. Over the past several decades, studies have used a variety of …

Importance The adenoid pad has long been considered a reservoir for bacteria in the
pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). However, bacteria more reminiscent of …

The perforation characteristics and fracture-related mechanical properties of the tympanic
membrane (TM) greatly affect surgical procedures like myringotomy and tympanostomy …

High-intensity sound or blast-induced hearing impairment is a common injury for Service
members. Epidemiology studies revealed that the blast-induced hearing loss is associated …

Background Reductions in otitis media (OM) burden following rollout of pneumococcal
conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have exceeded predictions of vaccine impact. In settings with …

Objective To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2015 to June 2019
on the pathogenesis of otitis media. Bacteria, viruses and the role of the microbiome as well …

Objective The round window membrane (RWM) encloses the round window, the opening
into the scala tympani (ST) from the middle ear. During the course of acute otitis media …

Otitis media (OM) is a major cause of morbidity in pediatric and adult patients. This
inflammatory condition is characterized by mucous cell hyperplasia that is thought to …

Eardrum or tympanic membrane (TM) is a multilayer soft tissue membrane located at the end
of the ear canal to receive sound pressure and transport the sound into the middle ear and …