Background: Development of long-term immunologic memory relies upon humoral and
cellular immune responses. Vaccinations aim to stimulate these responses against …

B cells and antibodies account for the most prominent immunodiagnostic feature in patients
with multiple sclerosis (MS), namely oligoclonal bands. Furthermore, evidence is …

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of infection.
Vaccination can mitigate these risks but only if safe and effective in MS patients, including …

Background: With the new highly active drugs available for people with multiple sclerosis
(pwMS), vaccination becomes an essential part of the risk management strategy Objective …

Importance Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections increasingly are reported in patients with
multiple sclerosis (MS) and constitute an area of significant concern, especially with the …

Objective: To evaluate immune responses in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS) against influenza vaccine (to test for responses against anticipated novel …

Background The present review is part of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) …

Background Vaccination campaign to contrast the spread of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised the issue of vaccine immunogenicity in …

Abstract Introduction Responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with MS (pwMS)
varies by disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs). We perform a meta‐analysis and systematic …

Background and purpose We have previously shown that patients with multiple sclerosis
receiving immunomodulatory treatment have reduced seroprotection rates after influenza …