Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease
affecting more than 30% of the population. Exposure to even minute quantities of allergens …

Neonates are born with an immature immune system and rely on the transfer of immunity
from their mothers. Maternal antibodies are transferred via the placenta and breast milk …

The human fetal immune system begins to develop early during gestation; however, factors
responsible for fetal immune-priming remain elusive. We explored potential exposure to …

Mast cells are immune cells of the haematopoietic lineage that are now thought to have
multifaceted functions during homeostasis and in various disease states. Furthermore, while …

abstract The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD).
The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbial …

Lung inflammation is a hallmark of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients who
are severely ill, and the pathophysiology of disease is thought to be immune mediated. Mast …

Newborns are colonized by maternal microbiota that is essential for offspring health and
development. The composition of these pioneer communities exhibits individual differences …

Antibiotics play a role in preventing and treating infectious diseases and also contribute to
other health risks for humans. With the overuse of antibiotics, they are widely distributed in …

Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in
protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found …

The maternal immune system protects developing offspring against pathogens before birth
via transplacental transfer and after birth through secreted milk. This transferred maternal …