The purpose of this study was to review articles involving cognitive load and multimedia
learning between 2015 and 2019 in a systematic way. 94 articles were reviewed in terms of …

Technological advancements have improved the capabilities of pedagogical agents to
communicate with students. However, an increased use of pedagogical agents in learning …

Multimedia pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that allow users to navigate or
learn in multimedia environments. Several agents' characteristics may moderate their …

Enhancing learning scenarios with social robots, as well as gamification elements, has been
shown to positively influence motivation, engagement, or even both. However, they have not …

The main objective of this study is to determine whether boys and girls learn better when the
characteristics of the pedagogical agent are matched to the gender of the learner while …

Body movements such as gestures and facial expressions are an essential part of human
communication. While first results show that body movements of pedagogical agents in …

A pedagogical agent is an anthropomorphic virtual character used in an online learning
environment to serve instructional purposes. The design of pedagogical agents changes …

Pedagogical agents (PAs) communicate verbally and non-verbally with students in digital
and virtual reality/augmented reality learning environments. PAs have been shown to be …

Virtual Humans provides a much-needed definition of what constitutes a 'virtual human'and
places virtual humans within the wider context of Artificial Intelligence development. It …

Due to the significance of teachers' beliefs and individual variables, a bulk of studies has
focused on teacher characteristics over the past two decades. As an attempt to further clarify …