Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain
normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent …

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and/or thyroid dysfunction are prevalent in women of
reproductive age and have independently been associated with adverse fertility and …

Background: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the
guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association …

Context: The definition of what constitutes a normal TSH during pregnancy is in flux. Recent
studies suggested that the first trimester upper limit of normal for TSH should be 2.5 mIU/liter …

Normal physiological changes of pregnancy warrant the need to employ gestation specific
reference ranges for the interpretation of thyroid function tests. Thyroid hormones play …

Objective The importance of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction during
pregnancy has been widely recognized. We therefore established trimester‐and method …

Exposure to maternal hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy, which is characterized by low
free T 4 but normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, can negatively affect the …

Objective Screening of thyroid disorders in pregnancy has been controversial. Recent
recommendations favour targeted high-risk case finding, though this approach may miss a …

Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) during pregnancy is defined as a low maternal T
4 in the absence of TSH elevation. As IMH is common, with a prevalence of 1–2% in iodine …

Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) during pregnancy is defined as a low maternal T4
in the absence of TSH elevation. As IMH is common, with a prevalence of 1–2% in iodine …