The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and
candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical …

Simple Summary Human health is significantly affected by microbial infections. One of the
largest determinants of the outcomes of such infections is the host immune response. Too …

Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in
infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most …

Globally, far more men than women have tuberculosis. Although the cause of this bias is
uncertain, epidemiological factors have historically been considered the driving force. Here …

Fungal diseases represent an important paradigm in immunology, as they can result from
either a lack of recognition by the immune system or overactivation of the inflammatory …

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, which
has sex-related differences in prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. However, the …

The intensity and prevalence of viral infections are typically higher in males, whereas
disease outcome can be worse for females. Females mount higher innate and adaptive …

Males and females have the same immunological cells, proteins, and pathways in place to
protect against the development of disease. The kinetics, magnitude, and skewing of the …

Background Leprosy remains an important public health problem in Brazil where 28,761
new cases were diagnosed in 2015, the second highest number of new cases detected …

There are many instances where males and females differ in the susceptibility to infections.
The reason for these differences in susceptibility is multifactorial. The primary cause is …